First synthesized in the early 1960's, GHB (gamma-Hydroxy butyrate) is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter GABA and triggers a variety of effects in the body, apparently by temporarily increasing the supply of both GABA and dopamine in the brain. Its slang names include “fantasy,” “fanta”, “grievous bodily harm (GBH)” or “liquid E”. Originally used as a surgical anaesthetic and sold as a dietary supplement for body builders, it soon spread into the party scene in the UK, before moving across the world.
What is GHB?
GHB is a clear, salty tasting liquid that depresses the central nervous system, slowing down heart rate and breathing, and causing loss of motor coordination. GHB can create a relaxed, euphoric state. However it is a fine line between pleasant effects and overdose, with possible disorientation, nausea, muscle spasms, vomiting and potentially coma or cardiac arrest. GHB can take from ten minutes to an hour to kick in, so wait for an hour before trying some more.
GHB is a clear liquid in both its potent, concentrate form and its diluted form. This makes it difficult (or impossible) to determine a “safe” dose. The amount you need to feel an effect varies from one batch to the next, meaning you’re taking a gamble every time you use GHB.
Drink spiking & GHB
Drink spiking occurs when someone secretly puts a drug in another's drink, often as a precursor to sexual assault. It’s thought many of these involve GHB, which as a clear liquid can be slipped into drinks discretely. Drink spiking with GHB can exacerbate the effects of alcohol, meaning people can unexpectedly appear extremely intoxicated. Due to the effects of GHB, people under the influence may have less control over what is happening and are susceptible to being taken advantage of by others or being unable to consent to sexual activity. Beware of drinks with an odd taste, and never leave your drinks unattended.
Overdose on GHB
Anyone with low blood pressure, asthma or other breathing problems should particularly be careful with GHB. Many people experience toxic reactions from GHB, the most extreme of which is an overdose. Symptoms of toxicity include convulsions, vomiting and cardiac arrest. The most common reaction is to “G-Out”. This is when it appears someone has drifted off to a deep sleep and they are difficult to awaken. If this occurs, place the person in the recovery position (on their side) to ensure they don’t choke on their vomit.
“G-ing-Out” isn’t particularly uncommon amongst GHB users, and some take a blasé approach to the issue. If they’ve taken any other depressants (like alcohol or Valium) their chance of overdosing is very high, and an ambulance may need to be called. Apart from the potential to develop physical and psychological dependence, the long-term health consequences of GHB are largely unknown.
If you are going to try GHB, make sure you aren’t alone, your mates
know you have taken it and don’t top up again for at least an hour.
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